Servqual Model in Hotel Sector Free Essay Example, 1000 words

The model SERVPERF was used by Choi and Chu (to measure travelers perceptions of hotel attributes in Honk Kong Hotels; by Juwaheer (2004) to measure the same in Mauritius s hotels; and by Poon et al. in Malaysian hotels. Studies have suggested that SERVPERF is a better tool to analyze empirical variance as compared to the SERVQUAL (Cronin and Taylor 1992, pp. 55-68; Boulding et al. 1993, pp. 7-27). At the same time, studies have also suggested that the scores on the basis of expectancy-disconfirmation model are more effective than scores from adequacy-importance models (Bolton and Drew 1991, pp. 375-384). Knutson et al. (1990, pp. 277-284) used an adapted version of the SERVQUAL instrument to measure service quality in the lodging industry. They used only the expectation items to measure the customers expectations from a hotel. It was found that reliability is the most important factor which is followed by Assurance, Responsiveness, Tangibles and Empathy. A similar kind of adapted v ersion was used by Stevens et al (1995, pp. 56-60) in restaurants. The study revealed that the most important factor is the reliability which is then followed by tangibles, assurance, responsiveness and empathy respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on Servqual Model in Hotel Sector or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page It was found that reliability was the most important of the five dimensions followed by assurance, responsiveness, tangibles, and empathy (empathy (Knutson, Stevens, Wullaert, Patton and Yokoyama, 1990).

Mental Illness As A Social Problem - 982 Words

Mental Illness as a Social Problem Introduction Mental illness is a turmoil that is portrayed by unsettling influences in a man s idea, feelings, or conduct. Emotional instability alludes to a wide assortment of scatters, running from those that bring about gentle misery to those that impede a man s capacity to work in day by day life. Numerous have attempted to make sense of the purposes behind emotional instabilities. These reasons have been taken a gander at and considered for a great many years. The natural point of view perspectives dysfunctional behavior as a real procedure. Though the mental points of view think the part of a man s childhood and environment are foundations for emotional sicknesses. Examines demonstrate that 9 to 13 percent of youngsters between the ages of nine and seventeen experience the ill effects of a genuine passionate unsettling influences that upsets the kid s day by day life. Significant misery is a serious issue. Indications incorporate pull back from family and/or companions, weight reduction, do zing issues, regular crying, escaping vulnerable, fancies, and pipedreams. This malady is normally analyzed amid youth; guardians may see grades dropping, poor mental self-portrait, pained social relations, and self-destructive acts. This ailment might be lethal if the individual gets to be self-destructive. The test of emotional instability in the public arena might be seen as a social issue. Emotional instability is a wellspring of genuineShow MoreRelatedMental Illness Is A Social Problem1501 Words   |  7 PagesMental illness is a health condition that affects an individual’s moods and thinking in a way that changes how that person relates to other people in society. The functioning of the affected person is also altered and usually results in the person failing to perform some of the daily activities that the person has previously engaged in. Mental illness can be considered a combination of both social and health complications, affecting the social life of the people who fall victim in many ways (ElliottRead MoreMental Illness : A Social Problem1290 Words   |  6 PagesIntroducing Mental Illness The social problem I have chosen to write about is mental illness. This problem is important to talk about â€Å"because of the number of people it affects, the difficulty of defining and identifying mental disorders, and the ways in which mental illness is treated† (Kendall, 2013, p. 227). â€Å"About 57.7 million people, or one in four adults, in the United States suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder† (Kendall, 2013, p. 229). â€Å"Many of these illnesses begin in childhood orRead MoreMental Illness Is A Social Problem Essay1864 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will analyse the statement â€Å"Mental illness is a social problem†. This essay will discuss the sociological perspective of mental health within the chosen concept of gender. The main aim of this essay is to discuss and debate ‘for’ mental illness is a social problem within the different gender roles. Gender is not only male and female, it also includes lesbian, gay, bisexual, transg ender and intersexual. In Australia there is a very large community of LGBTI. This concept will be analysedRead MoreSocial Problems Of Alcoholism, Drug Addiction, And Mental Illness818 Words   |  4 Pageswhole new understanding of different social problems. The variety of social problems presented introduced me to a couple of social problems I had not given much thought to before. It also surprised me that every person in the class knew at least one person that had been affected by a certain social problem. Through the solutions presented in these presentations, I have gained knowledge of I can personally help eliminate some aspects of different social problems. The three presentations I believedRead Morethis is a college paper on MENTAL ILLNESS AS A SOCIAL PROBLEM3884 Words   |  16 PagesTable of Contents I.Overview of Mental Illness A.Statistics and Aspects of Mental Illness .......................................p.1 II.Mental Illness in Depth A.Historical Background of Mental Illness .....................................p.4 B.Cost of Mental Illness in Society ..............................................p.6 C.Stigma of Mental Illness in Society ...........................................p.9 D.Treatment of Mental Illness as a Social Problem ..........................p.11 Read MoreVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory1461 Words   |  6 PagesVeteran Mental Illness and System Justification Theory Rates of mental illness are rising among Veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan. This social problem has had significant consequences, such as spikes in homelessness, unemployment and suicides in this population. Many argue there are too many barriers to mental health treatment in a society that stigmatizes mental illness and undervalues mental health care. Research supports this assertion, particularly within the Veteran population (Greene-ShortridgeRead MoreWhat Is The Mental Health? Essay1628 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is the mental health? Mental health embraces emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It has an effect on thinking, feeling, and acting. It also helps to define how people handle stress and make choices. Mental health is momentous through the stages of life, from childhood and adolescence via adulthood. In the life, if someone experience mental health problems, it has an effect on thinking, behaviour, and mood. Many causes contribute to mental health problems, containing: Life experiencesRead More The Social Model of Mental Illness Essay1337 Words   |  6 PagesThe Social Model of Mental Illness The social model of mental illness emphasizes the social environment and the roles people play. Thomas Scheff maintains that people diagnosed as mentally ill are victims of the status quo, guilty of often unnamed violations of social norms; thus the label mental illness can be used as an instrument of social control. I agree with Scheffs analysis, and I strongly concur with the view Thomas Szasz takes on the notion of mental illness. Szasz argues that muchRead MoreArticle Review on Mental Illness Essay examples1007 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Stigma of Mental Illness.† It is a not new concept that people are consistently drawn to a labeling others with a stigma, and this article delves into how we as social workers can (unintentionally) either encourage that stigma or hinder it based on the presentation to the client and to the public. A key point to the article talks about three kinds of potential ways stigma hurts a client. The first was being label avoidance. Many people do not want to admit to a mental illness, let alone getRead MoreVulnerable Populations - Human Services1683 Words   |  7 Pageslife to manage the illness. Examples of such illnesses are diabetes, high blood pressure, or heart disease. When discussing chronic mental illness, such diseases or disorders would be those that require ongoing treatment and care throughout much of the patients’ life. Examples would be schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, chronic anxiety disorder or attention deficit hyperactive disorder as well as many other specific forms of mental illness. Individuals suffering from chronic mental illnesses are part

Obesity A Serious Health Issue - 909 Words

Obesity is a very serious health issue in the United States. It is a factor in heart disease, diabetes, and has even been linked to an increased likelihood of certain cancers. Cottum and Anderson (2008) state â€Å"It is estimated that 280,000 excess deaths in the United States annually can be attributed to obesity and morbid obesity when compared to cohorts who have normal BMI† (p. 480). When considering the health issues that come along with obesity and the amount of people dying because of this condition, it is plain to see that America’s weight problem needs to be fixed. In order to begin solving. Through nutritional education, psychological care, and plenty of emotional support, America can beat obesity. To begin with, Americans need to be more educated about nutrition and how to make wise choices in regard to their health. Nutritional and physical education should start as early as possible, and should be a part of a school cirriculum and home life. Brewer and Rieg (2013) wrote about an investigation into a grant-funded obesity prevention program that was conducted involving eight preschool employees. The program required sixty minutes of mandatory organized physical activity each week, and a change in foods served to the children was implimented. OverShow MoreRelatedObesity And The United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to an article, â€Å"Obesity in Children†, published through the medicine health website, the issue on childhood obesity in the United States has increased within recent years. â€Å"Today, nearly a third of youths are overweight or obese. That’s more than 23 million children and teenagers,† (Childhood Obesity in the United States). Obesity can eventually lead to different and more serious health issues. Fast food restaurants attract the attention of our younger generation and are some of the mainRead MoreChildhood Obesity Leading to Adult Obesity and Health Problems1200 Words   |  5 Pages Childhood Obesity is becoming More Significant and leading to More Adult Obesity and Health Problems Introduction: Childhood obesity is an escalating issue in all over the world and particularly in the United States children and adults. This issue has received more attention in last thirty years as the number of flabby and obese children and adults has increased to double in the entire world. According to a report of Centers of Disease Control (2001), the number of obese children and adultsRead MoreObesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder, genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation canRead MoreObesity : A Serious Health Condition1452 Words   |  6 PagesObesity is a serious health condition that, if left untreated, causes serious health conditions. Contrary to popular belief, obesity is more than a condition caused by overeating and lack of exercise (Vallor 2013). Obesity is a disease (Callahan 2013); a disease that Americans are spending about $150 billion on annually (Zamosky 2013). Additionally, changing a person’s diet and exercise regimen may not be effective in some cases of obesity (Vallor 2013). Obesity is not like most well-known diseases;Read MoreObesity in America Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most commonly discussed issues of America in the last few decades has been obesity. It remains one of the biggest problems in American society and requires a careful, systematic but also immediate solution. Obesity is a term used to describe body weight that is much greater than what is considered healthy. Today, 65% of adults in the U.S. are overweight and half of those are obese. The rates for children are smaller but they are not satisfying either: 15% are overweight and another 15%Read MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents878 Words   |  4 Pages Research Paper on Childhood Obesity Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents. It occurs when a child is overweight and well over the normal weight for his or her age and height. Child obesity is an important issue because the extra weight can lead children down the wrong path to health problems, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and diabetes to name a few. Childhood obesity can cause children to become depressed and have poor self-esteemRead MoreIs Child Obesity Child Abuse?892 Words   |  4 Pages Is Child Obesity Child Abuse? The rate of childhood obesity has become a progressive problem. According to A. Jansen, Mulkens, and E. Jansen (2011), neuroscience professors, â€Å"In the United States, about 17% of all children and adolescents are overweight, where as an additional 16.5% are at the risk of becoming overweight† (p. 501). Child obesity has increased drastically in the last few years. A person is considered obese if they posses an abnormally large amount of body fat. Lawyer Sciarani (2010)Read MoreU.s School Food Regulation For Public Schools Essay1543 Words   |  7 Pagesand it causes obesity in teenagers. As a former student of the American public school systems, the condition of the food has been a problem for years. Over the past two decades, obesity has been an issue in the U.S, and it is due to poor school nutrition. The public schools lack a variation in the healthy meals they contain. Inadequate nutrition can lead to an abundance of health problems. Although spending money on food can be expensive, the government needs to invest in the health of students, andRead MoreFighting Childhood Obesity Essay examples1519 Words   |  7 PagesChildhood obesity may not seem like a serious problem, but it is a serious medical condition that can have major effects on a child. Although genetics play a role in determining a child’s weight, it is usually due to a child’s amount of exercise and the consumption of healthy meals. Doctors are concerned with the issue, as we all should be, and they are creating new programs that are geared toward helping children learn how to follow a healthier lifestyle. There are some promising outlooks with theseRead MoreChildhood And Adulthood Obesity And Preventing It1484 Words   |  6 PagesVersus Adulthood Obesity and Preventing It David Puttere ENG 122 English Composition II Professor Jennifer Chagala September 26, 2014 â€Æ' Obesity is an epidemic that American’s has faced in the past and in the future to come. Being overweight or obese puts you at risk for a number of diseases, such as heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, cancer, and many more. Obesity can be a risk to all of a human body system. As humans this is an everyday battle for some that inherit obesity from their family

Lowering The Minimum Drinking Age - 1429 Words

1. Introduction For two generations, Americans have needed to be 21 – or own an ID that states as such – to legally purchase and consume alcohol (Griggs, 1). According to The World Health Organization â€Å"the U.S. [is] one of only a handful of developed countries –Iceland, Japan, South Korea and Thailand are others – with a minimum drinking age over 18† (Griggs, 1). When Ronald Reagan signed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act in 1984, its goal was to reduce less-mature adults from consuming alcohol and performing reckless acts (Cary, 1). However, despite the current drinking age, 17.5 percent of consumer spending for alcohol in 2013 was under the age of 21. It is estimated that â€Å"90 percent of underage drinking is consumed via binge drinking†¦with alcohol abuse becoming more prevalent among the country’s youth† (Aguirre, 1). So far, keeping the minimum drinking age at 21 has not dissuaded young people from consuming alcohol. If anything, underage people are becoming less educated on the physical, mental, and emotional health factors that are associated with consuming alcohol. This leads to young people to consume more alcohol and indulge in reckless behavior due to this ‘forbidden fruit’. If the minimum drinking age was lowered and alcohol awareness increased, people between the ages of 18 and 20 (and even younger) would not look at alcohol consumption as a challenge. This would not only take away the excitement of drinking, but could also reduce binge drinking, byShow MoreRelatedLowering The Minimum Drinking Age1380 Words   |  6 PagesOnce a person reaches the age of 18, they are allowed to tattoo their bodies, smoke tobacco, gamble and even enlist if they wanted to! As an adult, they want to be treated as one but how can they feel like an adult if hanging around with their friends a nd drinking beer while watching TV is illegal? Of course, that does not stop them, though. The United States is one of the few countries in which still have such a high minimum drinking age. Although most people think young adults (18-year olds) areRead MoreLowering The Minimum Legal Drinking Age Essay1521 Words   |  7 PagesBeer For Everyone! The debate of lowering the minimum legal drinking age (MLDA) has been going on for decades in the United States. Those opposed, argue that the current MLDA is not efficient and counterproductive (Engs 1). One study indicated that thousands of lives under the age of twenty-one are lost each year to alcohol (McCardell 1). Underage drinking is an issue that persists, despite evidence suggesting that the minimum legal drinking age of twenty-one has lowered alcohol usage among individualRead More Lowering the Legal Minimum Drinking Age Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesunderage drinking has become a major problem, especially on college campuses. But, underage drinking is not purely the root of all accidents related to alcohol. The real problem lies within the unsafe underage drinking habits amongst youth. There are ways that these alcohol-related accidents can be avoided. Several organizations have been created that are targeting a change in the legal drinking age laws. One key way to lower the risk of unsafe drinking is to lower the minimum legal drinking age fromRead MoreNegative Effects of Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age in America1292 Words   |  6 Pageslooking at the drinking age in many nations, a trend of relatively young minimum legal drinking ages (MLDA) can be seen around the world. As it stands, all of America’s 50 states employ a MLDA of 21 making America one of only seven countries in the world to have a drinking age set at 21; the oldest age set as the minimum legal drinking age in the world. Where many of our friends in Europe are happily drinking away at 18, many here in America are left wondering why we don’t employ the same age requirementRead MoreThe Minimum Drinking Age Act1692 Words   |  7 PagesNational Minimum Drinking Age Act. This act stated that all states must raise their minimum drinking age to 21. Individuals under the age of 21 would now be prohibited from purchasing or being in public possession of any alcohol ic beverage. Though not every state was keen on this idea, they all jumped to raise the minimum drinking age due to the government threat that they would lose up to 10% of their federal highway funding if they ignored the request. However, since the National Minimum Drinking AgeRead MoreChallenging The Legal Drinking Age1689 Words   |  7 PagesMackenzie Schultz Mrs. Hamilton AP English Language 25 July 2014 Challenging the Legal Drinking Age The Minimum Legal Drinking Age (MLDA) has been challenged since the passing of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 that raised the drinking age to twenty-one in all fifty states (Ogilvie). Advocates for lowering the MLDA to eighteen years of age argue that this change will eliminate the thrill of breaking the law for young adults entering college and boost the national economy. SupportersRead MoreBinge Drinking vs the Drinking Age Essays829 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 101 March 13, 2013 Binge Drinking VS the Drinking Age Presidents of college campuses around the nation face issues of underage drinking and binge drinking on a regular basis and realizes that it is a danger and a problem. â€Å"Alcohol consumption is the third leading cause of death in the U.S., a major contributing factor to unintentional injuries, the leading cause of death for youths and young adults, and accounts for an estimated 75,000 or more deaths in the United States annually† (WechslerRead MoreThe Legal Drinking Age Should Be Lowered From The Age Of 21 Essay980 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered â€Å"adults† cannot even make their own decisions? The drinking age on alcohol is a controversial social and cultural issue in today’s society; all fifty states have a minimum drinking age of 21. The legal drinking age should be lowered from the age of 21 to 18 allowing young adults to be granted the right to drink in restaurants, bars, at social events, in the comfort of their own home, and so on. If anything, lo wering the legal drinking age would have a positive impact on the United Sates economyRead MoreAccording To â€Å"College Drinking,† Almost Two Out Of Three1388 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to â€Å"College Drinking,† almost two out of three college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking is a pattern of drinking that brings blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels to 0.08 g/dL or higher (â€Å"College Drinking†). Many parents, guardians, and psychologists believe that college students binge drink because they think drinking is an integral part of their higher education. Similar to peer pressure, college students drink because the rest of the student body drinks. FurthermoreRead MoreShould The Minimum Drinking Age Be Lowered?1138 Words   |  5 Pagesquestion whether drinking should be lowered to eighteen or not? Citizens have gave details regarding the affirmative and negative views of the minimum drinking age be lowered to eighteen. Do you think that it is wise to lower the minimum age? Would you look at the negative and positive impacts? Is it more important to give our citizens these full rights? Currently, in the United States the legal drinking age is twenty-one. But as we all know many teenages are involved in underage drinking. But the main

Causes of the Financial Crisis of 2008-2009 - 1736 Words

Causes of The Financial Crisis of 2007-2009 According to our financial textbook â€Å" Financial crises are major disruptions in financial markets characterized by sharp declines in asset prices and firm failures† (Mishkin and Eakins 2012). In August 2007, defaults in mortgage market for subprime borrowers sent a shudder through the financial markets, leading to the worst U.S financial crisis since the Great Depression. Alan Greenspan, chairman of the Fed, described the financial crisis as a â€Å"once-in-a-century credit tsunami†. (Mishkin and Eakins 2012). Furthermore, Wall Street firms and commercial banks suffered losses mounting to billions of dollars. Households and businesses found they had to pay higher interest rates on their†¦show more content†¦Moreover, many participants contributed to the creation of bad mortgages and the selling of bad securities, feeling secure they would not be held accountable for their actions. The unregulated mortgage originators had no personal responsibility if tho se contracts failed. And so it was for brokers, realtors, individuals in rating agencies, and other market participants, each maximizing his or her own gain and passing problems on down the line until the system itself collapsed.(Jinkling 2010). In the end, these unregulated originators were concerned on their commission fee, for personal gains, not if any of the loans were going to default. The Originate to Distribute model plays an essential role, on the unregulated mortgage originators perspective and agenda. Many mortgage brokers and lenders operated under the â€Å"originate to distribute† model whereby they originated loans solely for the purpose of selling them. This model allowed them to earn loan origination fees without incurring any type of credit risk. Many times this model, allowed the unregulated originators to take additional fees for collecting loan payments, escrowing and making payments for property taxes and insurance premiums. Additionally, unregulated mortgage originators can charge a fee just by receiving customer inquiries. (Bank Law Committee 2009). According to Mishkin and Eakins, the originate-to-distribute business modal was exposed to principal-agent problems, inShow MoreRelatedThe Global Financial Crisis Of 2007-20081123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Global Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 is the worst financial crisis since the 1930’s The Great Depression (Reuters, 2009). Even if bailouts of banks by national governments prevented the collapse of major financial institutions, worldwide stock markets continued to drop. Evictions and foreclosures overwhelmed the housing market while severed unemployment embraced the labor market (Baily and Elliot, 2009). This global financial crisis was responsible for the decline in the consumers’ wealth, andRead MoreFactors That Affects The Global Economy And Its Impact On The Nigeria And Egypt Economy1568 Words   |  7 Pageseconomy. In 2007, the financial crisis, which later extended to the global financial crisis began in the United States of America. The origin and elements of the 2007/2012 global financial crisis have been widely discussed in the literature throughout the period. The aim of this work is to, however, try to point out the reasons and also the macroeconomic effects of the financial crisis in both countries economy and the resulting policy responses. N evertheless, the impact of this crisis on the real economyRead MoreThe 2008 Financial Crisis Essay1326 Words   |  6 Pagesintroduction The 2008 financial crisis led to a sharp increase in mortgage foreclosures primarily subprime leading to a collapse in several mortgage lenders. Recurrent foreclosures and the harms of subprime mortgages were caused by loose lending practices, housing bubble, low interest rates and extreme risk taking (Zandi, 2008). Additionally, expert analysis on the 2008 financial crisis assert that the cause was also due to erroneous monetary policy moves and poor housing policies. The federal governmentRead MoreHow Government Economic Policies Caused the Financial Crisis of 20081553 Words   |  7 PagesThe financial crisis in 2008 that led to a crisis in the banking sector, and which nearly led to a complete collapse of the economy globally, was not only caused by changes in the regulatory, regulation and legislation oversight, but also fiscal and monetary policies. Many believe that, expansion of excesses monetary and irresponsibility of some of the government agencies led to the crisis. According to reports by Taylor (2009), excesses monetary policies were the main cause of the 2008 financialRead More2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesI) Causes of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financialRead MoreFinancial Crisis Of A Single Country1671 Words   |  7 Pages Table of Contents Summary 2 Financial crisis 3 Impact of financial crisis 4 Effect of financial crisis on different on the economies of different countries 5 Mathematical problems 6 Conclusiom 8 References ..................................................................................................................................................9 Summary Financial crisis has long been a part of global economic recession throughout the history. Here, the purpose of this assignmentRead MoreGlobal Financial Crisis : The Fall Of Lehman Brothers1250 Words   |  5 PagesBrothers in 2008 as the major factor for the economic downturns leading to the Global Financial Crisis, or 2008 financial crisis, proves this point. Started from the irresponsible handling of mortgages of consumers, the prices of houses in America sank. Interest rates fell while capital ratios became lax. It was a case of impending Great Depression. Given its role of lending funds and providing technical assistance, IMF extended its help to adversely affected countries of the 2008 financial crisis. WhenRead MoreDeregulation Is The Underlying Cause Of The 2007 / 08 Financial Crisis1382 Words   |  6 Pagesderivatives. The Financial crisis in 2007-2008 brought the massive hurt to everyone in the world. The worldwide financial problem affected thirty million people loosing their jobs and cause many countries getting close to go bankrupt (Peah, 2014). This is the global issue that everyone should be consider of. The purpose of this essay is to determine if the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08 financial crisis. The essay argues the deregulation was the underlying cause of the 2007/08Read MoreTheu.s. Housing Market And The U.s. Financial Crisis1448 Words   |  6 Pageshousing market between 2007 and 2009, led to the biggest global financial crisis. The impact of this crisis extended over the world, and the eco nomies of many countries were damaged. Kawai stated that: ‘The ongoing global crisis has had a profound impact on the Asia and Pacific region, particularly on its exports.’ (2009:1) There were a lot of factors which brought about the crisis. Due to limited space, this essay will look at the U.S. housing market and the U.S. financial system, and discuss the increasingRead MoreRanking the Key Principles of Corporate Governance1579 Words   |  7 Pagesranking philosophy applied in this essay is based on analysis of the results of international investigations into the underlying causes of the 2008 global financial crisis (GFC). Stakeholder reactions to and perceptions about the standards of corporate governance in the lead up to the global financial crisis are also taken into account. In light of the global financial crisis, this essay proposes that the corporate governance principles be ranked based on four critical threads: risk management; board

Activity-Based Costing Powerful Tool for Organisation

Question: Describe about the Activity-Based Costing for Powerful Tool for Organisation. Answer: Activity-based Costing (ABC) is a powerful tool for an organization to have an accurate and effective cost For its product avoiding cost distortion that may lead sustainable development and growth which is mandatory to be competitive in the era of globalization and complex business environment(Hussain, 2015) In the era of globalization, where the companies face tough competition and the fight is over a very thin profit margins has increased the need for accurate costing. ABC costing today therefore has become a strategic tool rather than just a costing system, especially for those companies who have a big product line. ABC costing it helps company in avoiding cost distortion because of cost distortion the actual value of the service of a department used by a product cannot be calculated and it becomes hard to take decision. ABC costing has now resolved this problem for companies it creates cost pools and assigns different cost drivers to those pools so that departmental cost can easily be calculated, further it helps in eliminating non-value adding processes by providing a complete view of the whole process. Many leading companies are now using ABC costing system as it has become need of today such as Nestle Bangladesh, Novartis, GSK(Hussain, 2015) and are enjoying great competitive advantages from it. To understand ABC costing suppose a company which has two departments Fitting and Painting and manufactures two products A B, the total labor Hours of the company are 250 is the further data is as follow Department Fitting Painting Product A (Hrs. used) 3 2 Product B (Hrs. used) 4 7 Total Depart cost 5000 15,000 labor Hours 100 150 As Per Traditional Method FOH rate = Total cost / total Labor Hours = 20000/250 = 80 per hour Therefore Product cost Product A (Cost per unit) 400 Product B (Cost per unit) 880 But if we look at ABC system Product Fitting Painting Total Product A (Cost per unit) 150 200 350 Product B (Cost per unit) 200 700 900 From this example it can easily be understood that product A in traditional system has to bear a cost 400 because fixed overhead rate is used and its impossible to allocate any cost based on department basis, but if we look at ABC system the cost has changed to 350 this is because of allocation in ABC system. It allocates it according to the cost driver. If a company uses this data in decision making scenario will be totally different because company will now bear a cost which is 50 less than the traditional system and can gain competitive advantage in the market. Implementing an ABC system can sometimes become a real hectic also. It requires commitment from top management to enforce it, people in the organisation are hesitant in adopting a new system. The cost of implementation is also high specially the training cost as you need to train people accordingly for eg the chief accountant of Nestle Bangladesh Ltd. was trained from China for 3 years(Hussain, 2015). Another problem is the decision of which department should be treated as a cost centre and which should not be all these can really mess up sometimes and the company might stand in the middle of nowhere. But if we compare the cost of implementation to advantages it is worth investing in ABC system because once the system is implemented the company enjoys a competitive edge in the market and the costing of the company becomes more effective and accurate which helps in decision making and offering a competitive price to customers. References Hussain, I. M. (2015). Activity Based Costing- an effective tool for better managment . research journal for finance accounting .

Heart Disease Essay Example For Students

Heart Disease Essay The cardiovascular system (comprising of the heart, arteries and veins) isessential for keeping homeostasis balanced throughout the body. The heart works as a pump to push blood containing oxygen and nutrientsthrough the extensive network of arteries and arterioles to replenishorgans, tissues and respiring cells, once replenishment has taken placewaste products and carbon dioxide are removed and taken back to the heartin the blood stream through veins and venules to be redirected through thepulmonary circulation back to the lungs to be deoxygenised (see appendix1). The heart also needs to be replenished with oxygen rich blood to survive;blood is supplied to the heart by the coronary circulation (see appendix2). Just like any other organ in the body, the heart and surrounding vesselsare susceptible to disease. One of these many diseases is Coronary HeartDisease. Coronary heart disease is the most common cause of premature death in theUnited Kingdom. On average every year 110.000 people die from heartrelated diseases, whilst 300.000 people have heart attacks and more than1.4 million suffer from angina, (British Heart Foundation 2001).CHD iscaused by a number of risk factors (risk factors are issues that cancontribute to a disease). Risk factors associated with CHD are high bloodpressure (hypertension), cigarette smoking, alcohol, physical inactivity,obesity (being overweight), and high blood cholesterol. As fatty foods are consumed and digestion initiates, saturated fats fromthe digested food is broken down by the liver to produce cholesterol. Passing into the bloodstream the cholesterol combines with proteins tocreate lipoproteins. Lipoproteins are used for transporting numeroustypes of lipids to and from the cells. Lipoproteins are divided into twocategories, high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins(LDL). HDLs remove excess cholesterol from the cells and transports it tothe liver to be destroyed, whereas LDLs are responsible for supplyingcells with cholesterol. The cells in the body have LDL receptors attachedto them. Once inside the cell the LDL is broken down and cholesterol isreleased to fulfil the cells requirements.When the cell has adequatecholesterol to function a negative feedback prevents the cell from makingnew LDL receptors.Unfortunately CHD can also be a genetic disease,thought to be caused by a mutation in the apolipoprotein B (main protein inthe low density lipoprotein group).The mutation causes insufficientproduction of receptors and therefore high levels of cholesterol arereleased incr easing the susceptibility to CHD.With the combination ofhigh levels of LDL and raised levels of homocysteine (an amino acid,building blocks that make up protein) derived from methionine another aminoacid which is found in eggs, milk and meat atherosclerosis occurs (seeappendix 3). Atherosclerosis is caused by a build-up of cholesterol and fatty substanceson the inner wall of the artery, beginning as fatty streaks which graduallydevelop to form lumps known as plaques (see appendix 4). Raisedhomocysteine levels damage the lining of the artery whilst plaques assistthe walls of the artery to thicken and harden therefore the lumen of theartery narrows. This results in myocardial ischemia (poor blood flow tothe heart) and the oxygen needs being suspended (hypoxia). As the heartsrequests for oxygen surpass the amount available the heart omits warningsigns in the form of tightening and pain in the chest, sometimes extendingto the upper extremities, lumber area and abdomen, this is clinicallyreferred to as stable angina. In extreme cases of atherosclerosis theplaques in the misshapen coronary artery affect blood flow resulting in thedevelopment of blood clots (thrombus) When a thrombus occurs (see appendix5), it blocks the artery triggering an attack of unstable angina , if theheart continues to be starved of oxygen for more than a few minutes theheart muscle begins to die resulting in myocardial infarction (heartattack). Myocardial infarction can contribute to total starvation of theheart resulting in congestive heart failure and inventively death. .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .postImageUrl , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:visited , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:active { border:0!important; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:active , .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c6255760acac4df59301ec4ee2e083c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tree Conservation EssaySome heart attacks can be looked upon as warning signs and that a change inlifestyle is required. There are many prescribed medications available toreduce the risks of heart failure, for example; aspirin is used to reducethe stickiness of the platelets therefore reducing the risk of blood clots(thrombus). Diuretics (which target the kidneys to increase excretion ofwater in the urine) these reduce blood pressure and build-up of water intissues (oedema). Lipid lowering drugs (statins) raise the amount of highdensity lipoproteins (good cholesterol) and lower low density lipoproteins(bad cholesterol), these work by inhibiting the enzyme involved in thesy nthesis of cholesterol. The administration of these drugs are designedto be incorporated into a newly modified lifestyle. Practitioners will advise CHD patients to reassess their former standard ofliving and introduce an alternative healthier option.To achieve anoverall healthy eating plan the patient should endeavour to consume fivefruit and vegetable portions daily, use only low fat or fat-free dairyproducts, include six wholegrain foods (found in cereals and bread), eatonly lean meat and remove skin from poultry, try to include two portions offish weekly, especially fatty fish (sardines, pilchards) containing largeamounts of omega 3 oils as it helps to reduce the risk of CHD and improvesthe chance of survival after a heart attack. Limit sugary foods and foodswith no nutritional value (fast food fries), cut down on trans-fats(partially hydrogenated vegetable oils) these consist of pastries, crispsand some margarines. Avoid using sodium (salt), limit alcohol intake toone drink a day or if possible cease drinking alcohol altogether. If a CHD patient follows a sensible diet, controls other risk factors,(smoking and alcohol) partakes in exercise (which helps to lower andcontrol blood pressure, and combined with a healthy diet increases physicalfitness) and takes possible medication prescribed by the doctor (somepatients may not be administrated any medication), there is a strongpossibility the patient will carry on to have an extended healthier life. Although the majority of all patients will need to attend the doctorssurgery for regular health checks (blood cholesterol tests, blood pressurechecks and weight checks) to clarify the body is still responsive to thealternative changes. In some CHD patients modifying risk factors are notenough and surgery is performed to combat chances of heart failure. Surgery of the coronary arteries isreferredtoasPercutaneousTransluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA). Several types of procedures maybe performed ranging from balloon angioplasty (a small balloon insertedinto the blocked artery to widen the artery for blood flow) (see appendix6); to coronary artery bypass (patches of veins and arteries from anotherpart of the body are removed and placed into the heart in an attempt tobypass the blocked arteries) (see appendix 7).All surgical procedureshave the chance of failure especially with the delicate tissues of theheart. The fundamental key to coronary heart disease is prevention.People livein ignorance about disease and only show signs of interest if theunthinkable happens to them or a family member.If the whole populationwas to be forewarned about the risk of CHD or coronary heart failure at anearlier age the consequences could be lessened.Children should beeducated on how diseases can affect the body and also how to avoid them;they should be taught how to look after their bodies, physically throughexercise, eating healthier diets and the avoidance of smoking and drinking.